Summers Lab Tag Cloud indicating the frequency of occurrence of various words in the lab's publications
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Current Appointment

Senior Investigator and Staff Radiologist
Chief, Clinical Image Processing Service
Chief, Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory
Specialty: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computer Tomography (CT) Image Processing

Research Interests

• Virtual Colonoscopy
• Multiorgan multi-atlas image registration for abdominal CT
• Computer aided detection of abnormalities on abdominal CT

Selected Publications

Summers RM. Navigational Aids for Real-Time Virtual Bronchoscopy. AJR 168:1165-1170 (1997).

Jones E, Feuerstein IM, Tucker E, Summers RM, Spray TL, Hoeg JM. Aortic hypoplasia in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 81:1242-3 (1998).

Summers RM, Shaw DJ, Shelhamer JH. CT virtual bronchoscopy of simulated endobronchial lesions: effect of scanning, reconstruction, and display settings and potential pitfalls. AJR 170:947-950 (1998).

Summers RM, Selbie WS, Malley JD, Pusanik LM, Dwyer AJ, Courcoutsakis NA, Shaw DJ, Kleiner DE, Sneller MC, Langford CA, Holland SM, Shelhamer JH. Polypoid lesions of airways: early experience with computer-assisted detection by using virtual bronchoscopy and surface curvature. Radiology 208:331-337 (1998).

Summers RM, Andrasko-Bourgeois J, Feuerstein IM, Hill SC, Jones EC, Busse MK, Wise B, Bove KE, Rishforth BA, Tucker E, Spray TL, Hoeg JM. The Evaluation of the Aortic Root by MRI: Insights from Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 98(6):509-518 (1998).

Kitsiou AN, Srinivasan G, Quyyumi AA, Summers RM, Bacharach SL, Dilsizian V. Stress-Induced Reversible and Mild-to-Moderate Irreversible Thallium Defects: Are They Equally Accurate for Predicting Recovery of Regional Left Ventricular Function After Revascularization? Circulation 98(6):501-508 (1998).

SUMMERS RM, Brune AM, Choyke PL, Chow CK, Patronas NJ, Miller FW, White PH, Malley JD, Rider LG. Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: Exercise-induced Changes in Muscle at Short Inversion Time Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging. Radiology 209:191-196 (1998).

Kitsiou AN; Bacharach SL; Bartlett ML; Srinivasan G; Summers RM; Quyyumi AA; Dilsizian V. 13N-ammonia myocardial blood flow and uptake: relation to functional outcome of asynergic regions after revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol Mar;33(3):678-86 (1999).

Luke MC, Darling TN, Hsu R, Summers RM, Smith JA, Solomon BI, Thomas GR, Yancey KB. Mucosal morbidity in patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Arch Dermatol 135: (8) 954-959 (1999).

Zeh H, Choyke PL, Alexander HR, Bartlett DL, Libutti SK, Chang R, Summers RM. Gadolinium-enhanced 3-D magnetic resonance angiography prior to isolated hepatic perfusion for metastases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 23: (5) 664-669 (1999).

Summers RM, Beaulieu CF, Pusanik LM, Malley JD, Jeffrey RB, Jr., Glazer DI, Napel S. An Automated Polyp Detector for CT Colonography - Feasibility Study. Radiology 216: 284-290 (2000).

Yim PJ, Choyke PL, Summers RM. Grey-scale skeletonization of small vessels in magnetic resonance angiography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 19(6) 568-576 (2000).

Kimball AB, Summers RM, Turner M, Dugan EM, Hicks J, Miller FW, Rider LG. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Occult Skin and Subcutaneous Abnormalities in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Arthritis Rheum, 43: 1866-1873 (2000).

Choyke PL, Yim P, Marcos H, Ho VB, Mullick R, Summers RM. Hepatic MR Angiography: A Multiobserver Comparison of Visualization Methods. Am J Roentgenol AJR 176:465-470 (2001).

Summers RM, Johnson CD, Pusanik LM, Malley JD, Youssef AM, Reed JE. Automated Polyp Detection at CT Colonography: Feasibility Assessment in a Human Population. Radiology 219:51-59 (2001).

Summers RM, Choyke PL, Patronas NJ, Tucker E, Wise B, Busse MK, Brewer HB, Shamburek RD. Magnetic resonance virtual angioscopy of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25: (3) 371-377 (2001).

Summers RM, Aggarwal NR, Sneller MC, Cowan MJ, Wood BJ, Langford CA, Shelhamer JH. CT Virtual Bronchoscopy of the Central Airways in Wegener's Granulomatosis (838 KB) [disclaimer]. Chest 121:242-250 (2002).

Hicks JE, Drinkard B, Summers RM, Rider RG. Decreased aerobic capacity in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis and Rheumatism (Arthritis Care and Research), 47: 118-123 (2002).

Finkelstein SE, Summers RM, Nguyen DM, Stewart JH, Tretler JA, Schrump DS. Virtual bronchoscopy for evaluation of thoracic malignancies. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 123: 967-72 (2002).

Summers RM. Challenges for Computer-Aided Diagnosis for CT Colonography (1.5 MB) [disclaimer]. (Invited review article) Abdom Imaging, 27:268-274 (2002).

Jerebko AK, Summers RM, Malley JD, Franaszek M, Johnson CD. Computer-assisted detection of colonic polyps with CT colonography using neural networks and binary classification trees. Med Phys 30(1) 52-60 (2003).

Jerebko AK, Malley JD, Franaszek M, Summers RM. Multi Neural Network Classification Scheme for Detection of Colonic Polyps in CT Colonography Data Sets . Acad Radiol 10 (2): 154-160 (2003).

Finkelstein SE, Schrump DS, Nguyen DM, Hewitt SM, Kunst TF, Summers RM. Comparative evaluation of super-high resolution computed tomography and virtual bronchoscopy for the detection of tracheobronchial malignancies. Chest 124(5):1834-1840 (2003). See movies at http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/124/5/1834/DC1 [disclaimer]

Iordanescu G, Summers RM. Automated centerline for computed tomography colonography. Academic Radiology 10:1291-1301 (2003).

Yao J, Miller M, Franaszek M, Summers RM. Colonic polyp segmentation in CT colonography based on fuzzy clustering and deformable models. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 23:1344-1352 (2004).

Solomon J, Mavinkurve S, Cox D, Summers RM. Computer assisted detection of subcutaneous melanomas: feasibility assessment. Academic Radiology 11(6):678-685 (2004).

Cebral JR, Summers RM. Tracheal and Central Bronchial Aerodynamics Using Virtual Bronchoscopy and Computational Fluid Dynamics IEEE Trans Med Imaging 23 (8): 1021-1033 (2004).

Summers RM, Yao J, Johnson CD. CT Colonography with Computer-Aided Detection: Automated Recognition of Ileocecal Valve to Reduce Number of False-Positive Detections. Radiology 233:266-272 (2004).

Summers RM, Franaszek M, Miller MT, Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR, Schindler WR. Computer-Aided Detection of Polyps on Oral Contrast-Enhanced CT Colonography. Am J Roentgenol AJR 184:105-108 (2005).

Huber AM, Feldman BM, Rennebohm RM, Hicks JE, Lindsley CB, Perez MD, Zemel LS, Wallace CA, Ballinger SH, Passo MH, Reed AM, Summers RM, White PH, Katona IM, Miller FW, Lachenbruch PA, Rider LG. Validation and clinical significance of the childhood myositis assessment scale for assessment of muscle function in the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheum 50 (5): 1595-1603 (2004).

Iordanescu G, Summers RM. Reduction of false positives on the rectal tube in computer-aided detection for CT colonography. Med Phys 31 (10):2855-2862 (2004).

Iordanescu G, Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR, Summers RM. Automated Seed Placement for Colon Segmentation in CT Colonography. Academic Radiology 12: 182-190 (2005).

Jerebko AK, Malley JD, Franaszek M and Summers RM. Support vector machines committee classification method for computer-aided polyp detection in CT colonography. Academic Radiology 12: 479-486 (2005).

Summers RM, Yao J, Pickhardt PJ, Franaszek M, Bitter I, Brickman D, Krishna V, Choi JR. Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy computer-aided polyp detection in a screening population. Gastroenterology 129: 1832-1844 (2005).

O'Connor SD , Summers RM, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Oral Contrast Adherence to Polyps on CT Colonography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 30(1):51-57 (2006).

Franaszek M, Summers RM, Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR. Hybrid Segmentation of Colon Filled with Air and Opacified Fluid for CT Colonography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25(3):358-368 (2006).

Johnson KT, Johnson CD, Fletcher JG, MacCarty RL, Summers RM. CT Colonography using 360° Virtual Dissection: A Feasibility Study. AJR 186:90-95 (2006).

Summers RM, Huang A, Yao J, Campbell SR, Dempsey JE, Dwyer AJ, Franaszek M, Brickman DS, Bitter I, Petrick N, Hara AK. Assessment of Polyp and Mass Histopathology by Intravenous Contrast-enhanced CT Colonography. Academic Radiology, accepted for publication.

Summers RM, Yao J, Pickhardt PJ, Franaszek M, Bitter I, Brickman D, Krishna V, Choi JR. Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy computer-aided polyp detection in a screening population. Gastroenterology 129: 1832-1844 (2005). [Article highlighted in an accompanying editorial: Bond JH. Progress in refining virtual colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Gastroenterology 129: 2103-2106 (2005).]

O'Connor SD, Summers RM, Yao J, Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR. CT Colonography with Computer Aided Polyp Detection: Volume and Attenuation Thresholds to Reduce False Positive Findings Owing to the Ileocecal Valve. Radiology 241(2):426-432 (2006).

Yeshwant SC, Summers RM, Yao J, Brickman D, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Polyps: Linear and Volumetric Measurement at CT Colonography. Radiology 241(3):802-811 (2006).

Bitter I, Van Uitert R, Wolf I, Tzatha E, Gharib AM, Summers RM, Meinzer H-P, and Pettigrew R. Virtual Contrast for Coronary Vessels Based on Level Set Generated Subvoxel Accurate Centerlines. Intl J Biomed Imaging, Volume 2006, Article ID 94025, 8 pages (2006).

Li J, Yao J, Summers RM, Petrick N, Hara A. An efficient feature selection algorithm for computer-aided polyp detection. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 15(6):893-915 (2006).

Frentz SM, Summers RM. Current Status of CT Colonography. Academic Radiology 13:1517-1531 (2006). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764496

Summers RM, Huang A, Yao J, Campbell SR, Dempsey JE, Dwyer AJ, Franaszek M, Brickman DS, Bitter I, Petrick N, Hara AK. Assessment of Polyp and Mass Histopathology by Intravenous Contrast-enhanced CT Colonography. Academic Radiology 13:1490-1495 (2006).

O'Connor SD, Yao J, Summers RM. Lytic Metastases in Thoracolumbar Spine: Computer Aided Detection at CT -- Preliminary Study. Radiology 242(3): 811-816 + supplemental material (2007); erratum Radiology 244(1): 320 (2007). Images featured on the cover of the journal.

Huang A, Roy D, Summers RM, Franaszek M, Petrick N, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Teniae Coli-Based Circumferential Localization System for CT Colonography: Feasibility Study. Radiology 243(2):551-560 (2007) and supplemental material at http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/243/2/551/DC1 [disclaimer].

Van Uitert RL, Summers RM. Automatic correction of level set based subvoxel precise centerlines for virtual colonoscopy using the colon outer wall. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 26(8):1069-1078 (2007).

Yao J, Summers RM. Adaptive deformable model for colonic polyp segmentation and measurement on CT colonography. Med Phys 34(5):1655-1664 (2007).

Fletcher JG, Booya F, Summers RM, Roy D, Guendel L, Schmidt B, McCollough CH, Fidler JL. Comparative Performance of Two Polyp Detection Systems on CT Colonography. AJR 189:277-282 (2007).

Deshpande KK, Summers RM, Van Uitert RL, Franaszek M, Brown L, Dwyer AJ, Fletcher JG, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Quality Assessment for CT Colonography: Validation of Automated Measurement of Colonic Distention and Residual Fluid. AJR 189:1457-1463 (2007).

Petrick N, Haider M, Summers RM, Yeshwant SC, Brown L, Iuliano EM, Louie A, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. CT Colonography with Computer-Aided Detection as a Second Reader: Observer Performance Study. Radiology 246(1):148-156 (2008); erratum Radiology 248(2): 704 (2008).

Wang S, Yao J, Summers RM. Improved classifier for computer-aided polyp detection in CT Colonography by nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Med Phys 35(4):1377-1386 (2008). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669284

Summers RM, Handwerker LR, Pickhardt PJ, Van Uitert RL, Deshpande KK, Yeshwant S, Yao J, Franaszek M. Performance of a Previously Validated CT Colonography CAD System in a New Patient Population. AJR 191:168-174 (2008).

Li J, Van Uitert R, Yao J, Petrick N, Franaszek M, Huang A, Summers RM. Wavelet Method for CT Colonography Computer-aided Polyp Detection. Medical Physics 35(8):3527-3538 (2008). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562642

Van Uitert RL, Summers RM, White JM, Deshpande KK, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Temporal and Multi-Institutional Quality Assessment of CT Colonography. AJR 191:1503-1508 (2008). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585516

Summers RM, Frentz S, Liu J, Yao J, Brown L, Louie A, Barlow DS, Jensen DW, Dwyer AJ, Pickhardt PJ, Petrick N. Conspicuity of Colorectal Polyps at CT Colonography: Visual Assessment, CAD Performance, and the Important Role of Polyp Height. Academic Radiology 16:4-14 (2009). [Article highlighted in an accompanying editorial: Krupinski EA. What can the radiologist teach CAD: lessons from CT colonoscopy. Academic Radiology 16:1-3 (2009).]

Yao J, Li J, Summers RM. Employing Topographical Height Map in Colonic Polyp Measurement and False Positive Reduction. Pattern Recognition 42:1029-1040 (2009). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659680

Linguraru MG, Yao J, Gautam R, Peterson J, Li Z, Linehan WM, Summers RM. Renal Tumor Quantification and Classification in Contrast-Enhanced Abdominal CT. Pattern Recognition 42: 1149-1161 (2009). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658597

Liu J, Yao J, Summers RM. Scale-based scatter correction for computer-aided polyp detection in CT colonography. Medical Physics 35(12):5664-5671 (2008). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2644449

Li J, Huang A, Yao J, Liu J, Van Uitert RL, Petrick NA, Summers RM. Optimizing Computer-aided Colonic Polyp Detection for CT Colonography by Evolving the Pareto Front. Medical Physics 36(1):201-212 (2009). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654220

Summers RM, Swift JA, Dwyer AJ, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Normalized Distance Along the Colon Centerline: A Method for Correlating Polyp Location on CT Colonography and Optical Colonoscopy. AJR 193:1296-1304 (2009). [Article highlighted in an accompanying editorial: Dachman AH. Comparison of Optical Colonoscopy and CT Colonography for Polyp Detection AJR 193:1289-1290 (2009).]

Summers RM, Liu J, Yao J, Brown L, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ. Automated Measurement of Colorectal Polyp Height at CT Colonography: Hyperplastic Polyps are Flatter than Adenomatous Polyps. AJR 193:1305-1310 (2009).

Wang S, Yao J, Liu J, Petrick N, Van Uitert RL, Periaswamy S, Summers RM. Registration of prone and supine CT colonography scans using correlation optimized warping and canonical correlation analysis. Medical Physics 36 (12): 5595-5603 (2009).

Linguraru MG, Sandberg JK, Li Z, Shah F, Summers RM. Automated segmentation and quantification of liver and spleen from CT images using normalized probabilistic atlases and enhancement estimation. Medical Physics 37(2): 771-783 (2010).

Yuan S, Roney CA, Wierwille, J, Chen, C-W, Xu B, Jiang J, Hongzhou Ma, Cable A, Summers RM, Chen Y. Combining optical coherence tomography with fluorescence molecular imaging: towards simultaneous morphology and molecular imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 55:191-206 (2010).

Wang S, Yao J, Petrick N, Summers RM. Combining Statistical and Geometric Features for Colonic Polyp Detection in CTC Based on Multiple Kernel Learning. International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications. International J Computational Intelligence and Applications 9 (1):1-15 (2010).

Linguraru MG, Pura J, Van Uitert RL Mukherjee N, Summers RM, Minniti C, Gladwin MT, Kato G, Machado RF, Wood BJ. Segmentation and Quantification of Pulmonary Artery for Non-invasive CT Assessment of Sickle Cell Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension. Medical Physics 37(4):1522-1532 (2010).

Summers RM. The Elephant in the Room: Bowel Preparation for CT Colonography. Academic Radiology 16(7):777-779 (2009).

Summers RM. Improving the accuracy of CTC interpretation: Computer-aided detection. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 20(2):245-257 (2010).

Summers RM. Polyp size measurement at CT colonography: What do we know and what do we need to know? Radiology 255(3):707-720 (2010).

Summers RM. Dose Reduction in CT: The Time Is Now. Academic Radiology 17 (10):
1201-1202 (2010).

Yao J, Chowdhury AS, Aman J, Summers RM. Reversible Projection Technique for Colon Unfolding. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57(12) 2861-2869 (2010).

Chowdhury AS, Tan S, Yao J, Summers RM. Colonic Fold Detection from Computed Tomographic Colonography Images using Diffusion-FCM and Level Sets. Pattern Recognition Letters 31(9):876-883 (2010).

Huang A, Li J, Summers RM, Petrick N, Hara AK. Improving polyp detection algorithms for CT colonography: Pareto front approach. Pattern Recognition Letters 31:1461-1469 (2010).

Summers RM, Liu J, Rehani B, Stafford P, Brown L, Louie A, Barlow DS, Jensen DW, Cash B, Choi JR, Pickhardt PJ, Petrick N. CT colonography computer-aided polyp detection: effect on radiologist observers of polyp identification by CAD on both the supine and prone scans. Academic Radiology 17:948-959 (2010). [Article highlighted in an accompanying editorial: Nappi JJ. CADe prompts and observer performance: A game of confidence. Academic Radiology 17:945-947 (2010).]

Dachman AH, Obuchowski NA, Hoffmeister JW, Hinshaw JL, Frew MI, Winter TC, Van Uitert RL, Periaswamy S, Summers RM, Hillman BJ. Effect of Computer-aided Detection for CT Colonography in a Multireader, Multicase Trial. Radiology 256(3):827-835 (2010) + supplemental material [Article highlighted in an accompanying podcast].

Roney CA, Xu B, Xie J, Yuan S, Wierwille J, Chen C-W, Chen Y, Griffiths GL, and Summers RM. Rh-I-UEA-1 polymerized liposomes target and image adenomatous polyps in the APCMin/+ mouse using optical colonography. Molecular Imaging 10(4):305-316 (2011). Images featured on the cover of the journal.

Summers RM, Baecher N, Yao J, Liu J, Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR, Hill S. Feasibility of Simultaneous CT Colonography and Fully-Automated Bone Mineral Densitometry in a Single Examination. J Comput Assist Tomogr 35:212-216 (2011).

Yao J, Dwyer A, Summers RM, Mollura DJ. Computer-aided Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infections Using Texture Analysis and Support Vector Machine Classification. Acad Radiol 18(3):306-14 (2011).

Chen X, Yao J, Summers R. FEM-Based 3-D Tumor Growth Prediction for Kidney Tumor. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58(3):463-467 (2011).

Pickhardt PJ, Lee LJ, Munoz del Rio A, Lauder T, Bruce RJ, Summers RM, Pooler BD, Binkley N. Simultaneous screening for osteoporosis at CT colonography: Bone mineral density assessment using MDCT attenuation techniques compared against the DXA reference standard. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 26(9):2194-203 (2011).

Liu J, Kabadi S, Van Uitert R, Petrick N, Deriche R, Summers RM. Improved Computer-Aided Detection of Small Polyps in CT Colonography using Interpolation for Curvature Estimation. Med Phys 38 (7): 4276-4284 (2011).

Linguraru MG, Wang, SJ, Shah F, Gautam R, Peterson J, Linehan WM, Summers RM.
Automated noninvasive classification of renal cancer on multiphase CT. Med Phys
38 (10): 5738-5746 (2011).

Linguraru MG, Panjwani N, Fletcher JG, Summers RM. Automated Image-based Colon Cleansing for Laxative-free CT Colonography. Computer-aided Polyp Detection. Med Phys in press.

Nguyen TB, Wang SW, Anugu V, Rose N, McKenna M, Petrick N, Burns JE, Summers RM.
Distributed Human Intelligence for Colonic Polyp Classification in Computer-aided Detection for CT Colonography. Radiology in press.

Conference Proceedings and Other Articles

Summers RM, Pusanik LM, and Malley JD. Automatic detection of endobronchial lesions with virtual bronchoscopy: comparison of two methods In Medical Imaging 1998: Image Processing, Kenneth M. Hanson, Editor, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 3338, 327-335 (1998).

Summers RM. Image gallery: a tool for rapid endobronchial lesion detection and display using virtual bronchoscopy. J Digital Imaging 11 (3, Suppl 1 (August)): 53-55 (1998).

Summers RM, Pusanik LM, Malley JD and Hoeg JM. Fractal analysis of virtual endoscopy reconstructions. In Medical Imaging 1999: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Chen, C-T and Clough, AV, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 3660, 258-269 (1999).

Yim PJ and Summers RM. Analytic surface reconstruction by local threshold estimation in the case of simple intensity contrasts. In Medical Imaging 1999: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Chen, C-T and Clough, AV, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 3660, 288-300 (1999).

Summers RM. Virtual Bronchoscopy Using VRML. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 19 No. 3 (May/June) pp. 27-29 (1999).

Summers RM, Sneller MC, Langford CA, Shelhamer JH and Wood BJ. Improved Virtual Bronchoscopy Using a Multi-Slice Helical CT Scanner. In Medical Imaging 2000: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Chen C-T and Clough AV, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 3978, 117-121 (2000).

Yim PJ, Mullick R, Summers RM, Marcos H, Cebral JR, Lohner R, Choyke PL. Measurement of stenosis from magnetic resonance angiography using vessel skeletons. In Medical Imaging 2000: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Chen C-T and Clough AV, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 3978, 245-254 (2000).

Summers RM, Pusanik LM, Malley JD, Reed JE, Johnson CD. Method of labeling colonic polyps at CT colonography using computer-assisted detection. In Proceedings of 14th International Congress of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS), 785-789 (2000).

Summers RM, Cebral Jr. Tracheal and Central Bronchial Aerodynamics Using Virtual Bronchoscopy. In Medical Imaging 2001: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Chen, C-T and Clough, AV, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4321, pp. 22-31 (2001).

Here are several AVI movies showing the complexity of airflow through a narrowed bronchus. The movies show instantaneous pressure, streamlines and velocity:

airway0.avi      cuts.avi       ps_far.avi       ps_near.avi      ss_far.avi       ss_near.avi       veloc.avi

Summers RM, Jerebko AK, Franaszek M, Malley JD. An Integrated System for Computer-Aided Diagnosis in CT Colonography: Work-in-Progress. In Proceedings of 15th International Congress of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS), in press (2001).

Summers RM, Mullick R, Finkelstein SE, Schrump DS. Confocal volume rendering of the thorax. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 7-10, 2001, pp. 297-299.

Summers RM, Agcaoili CML, McAuliffe MJ, Dalal SS, Yim PJ, Choyke PL, Walther MM, Linehan WM. Helical CT of von Hippel-Lindau: Semi-automated Segmentation of Renal Lesions. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 7-10, 2001, pp.293-296.

Jerebko AK, Malley JD, Franaszek M, Summers RM. Multi network classification scheme for detection of colonic polyps in CT colonography data sets. In Medical Imaging 2002: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Chen, C-T and Clough, AV, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4683, 207-212 (2002).

Summers RM. Current concepts and future directions in computer-aided diagnosis for CT colonography, syllabus chapter for Third International Symposium on Virtual Colonoscopy, 68-72 (2002); and Proceedings of CARS, 16th International Congress and Exhibition, pp. 743-748 (2002).

Miller M, Jerebko AK, Malley JD, Summers RM. Comparison of stochastic vs. heuristic feature subset selection methods for improving classification algorithms in computer-aided detection. In Medical Imaging 2003: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Clough AV and Amini A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5031, 102-110 (2003).

Malley JD, Jerebko AK, Summers RM. Committee of support vector machines for detection of colonic polyps from CT scans. In Medical Imaging 2003: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Clough AV and Amini A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5031, 570-578 (2003).

Jerebko AK, Teerlink S, Franaszek M, Summers RM. Polyp segmentation method for CT colonography computer-aided detection. In Medical Imaging 2003: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Clough AV and Amini A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5031, 359-369 (2003).

Yao J, Miller M, Summers RM. Automatic segmentation and detection of colonic polyps in CT colonography based on knowledge-guided deformable models . In Medical Imaging 2003: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Clough AV and Amini A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5031, 370-380 (2003).

Iordanescu G, Summers RM. Benefits of centerline analysis for CT colonography computer-aided polyp detection. In Medical Imaging 2003: Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, Clough AV and Amini A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5031, 388-397 (2003).

Jerebko AK, Malley JD, Franaszek M, Summers RM. Computer-aided polyp detection in CT colonography using an ensemble of support vector machines. In CARS 2003. Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress and Exhibition, H. U. Lemke, M.W. Vannier, K. Inamura, A.G. Farman, K. Doi and J. H.C. Reiber, Eds., Vol. 1256, 1019 - 1024 (2003).

Campbell SR, Summers RM. Analysis of Kernel Method for Surface Curvature Estimation. In CARS 2004. Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Proceedings of the 18th International Congress and Exhibition, H. U. Lemke, M.W. Vannier, K. Inamura, A.G. Farman, K. Doi and J. H.C. Reiber, Eds., Vol. 1268, 999-1003 (2004).

Yao J, Summers RM. Three-dimensional colonic polyp segmentation using dynamic deformable surfaces. In Medical Imaging 2004: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, Amini A and Manduca A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5369, p. 280-289 (2004).

Bitter I, Brown JE, Brickman D, Summers RM. Large scale validation of a computer aided polyp detection algorithm for CT colonography using cluster computing. In Medical Imaging 2004: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, Amini A and Manduca A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5369, p. 290-294 (2004).

Summers RM, Bitter I, Petrick N. Virtual colonoscopy [Letter to the Editor]. JAMA. Vol. 292, No. 4 (July 28), pp. 432-433 (2004).

Yao J, Summers RM, Hara AK. Optimizing the committee of support vector machines (SVM) in a colonic polyp CAD system . In Medical Imaging 2005: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, Amini AA and Manduca A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5746, p. 384-392 (2005).

Huang A, Summers RM, Hara AK. Surface curvature estimation for automatic colonic polyp detection. In Medical Imaging 2005: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, Amini AA and Manduca A, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5746, p. 393-402 (2005).